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所有我感兴趣的资料，webdesign,webdev,linux,etc.Enjoy。
生活 (20 未读)
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Installing ubuntu-system-panel (USP) On Ubuntu 8.10
ubuntu-system-panel is a simple launcher for the GNOME desktop, providing easy access to Places, Applications and common configuration items for your computer. This guide shows how to install and configure it on an Ubuntu 8.10 desktop.
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Installing VirtualBox 2.0 On Mandriva 2009.0
This tutorial shows how you can install Sun xVM VirtualBox on a Mandriva 2009.0 desktop. With VirtualBox you can create and run guest operating systems ("virtual machines") such as Linux and Windows under a host operating system. There are two ways of installing VirtualBox: from precompiled binaries that are available for some distributions and come under the PUEL license, and from the sources that are released under the GPL. This article will show how to set up VirtualBox 2.0 from the precompiled binaries.
有时候，在 Gentoo 系统中我们需要查询某个文件属于哪个包。有鉴于此，bones7456 兄从 apt-file（for Debian）获得灵感编写了 e-file 这个实用的脚本。
e-file 需要 curl，直接从 portagefilelist.de 获取数据。比如：我要查询 pdfinfo 属于哪个包，执行 e-file pdfinfo 后，返回如上图所示的结果。
e-file 可通过 Gentoo China Overlay 获取，或从这里下载。
[via bones7456]
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Helvetireader 是一个十分简洁的 Google Reader 主题，特别适合惯用键盘操作 Google Reader 的用户。注意，Firefox 用户需要安装 Greasemonkey。其他用户请参照该主题网站的说明。
Helvetireader 可从这里安装。
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这天你终于下定决心购买了一台流行的 Netbook ，与往常装机一样，直接安装心爱的 Linux 发行版。好不容易安装完成了，却发现平日启动飞快的应用程序在 Netbook 上怎么都跑不快。怎么办呢？ 与往常一样，你上网寻求帮助，发现了很多“轻量级桌面环境”。面对如此多的选择，到底哪个才是适合你的呢？
如上所述，本文主要是对由于 Netbook 风行而火爆起来的几款轻量级桌面环境进行一个比较，希望能对使用 Netbook 或者电脑配置较古老的朋友有所帮助。
有个小小的问题是，本人没有 Netbook，只能让自己的 12寸本本“山寨”一下了……
测试环境
AMD Turion 64 X2 TL-58 1.9G / DDR2 800 2GB*2 / nVidia GeForce 8400M G 128M
Fedora 10 2.6.27.5-117.fc10.i686.PAE / X.org 1.5.3
测试项目
测试方法
为每个桌面环境建立全新的独立的用户帐户，在首次登录后进行以上测试。在一个桌面环境中的测试结束之后，关闭计算机，等待五分钟后再开机，进行下一个桌面环境中的测试。
本人水平有限，不清楚如何精确计算启动用时，只好手机的秒表，精确到毫秒。注意！人对视觉刺激是存在反应时，所以该时间仅作粗略比较。
总已用内存选取使用当前桌面环境下默认终端模拟器中 htop 所显示已用内存值。
LXDE Let’s speed up your desktop!
LXDE，是 Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment 的缩写，它特别为低配置环境下的电脑设置，如 Netbook、MID或者是较老的电脑设计。该桌面环境还为 Netbook 等设备设计了标签式的 lxlauncher，方便快速调用程序（个人觉得这种 launcher 借鉴了 PalmOS 上的很多 Launcher 的设计）。
LXDE 是一个相对较新的项目，随着 Netbook 的兴起而产生。我是在今年 OOoCon 2008 上遇见了 LXDE 的 Mario Behling 先生后才产生兴趣的。Mario 用一台原装 Xandros 的 eeePC 和一台安装了 Pud-LXDE 的 eeePC 做比较，LXDE 下 OOo 2.4 出色的启动速度给我留下了深刻的印象。
Fedora 10 安装： yum groupinstall LXDE
测试版本： lxde-common 0.3.2.1
默认文件管理器： PCManFM
默认终端模拟器： lxterminal
Xfce … and everything goes faster!
Xfce 是一款适用于多种 *NIX 系统的轻量级桌面环境。它被设计用来提高您的效率，在节省系统资源的同时，能够快速加载和执行应用程序。 - Olivier Fourdan, Xfce 创始人
Xfce 是一个有很长历史的的桌面环境项目了，在很多U盘 Linux 中可以见到它的身影。另外，Xfce 也是本次测试的轻量级桌面环境中唯一一个支持窗口透明特效的。
Fedora 10 安装： yum groupinstall XFCE
测试版本： 4.4.3
默认文件管理器： Thunar
默认终端模拟器： xterm
Enlightenment Beauty at your fingertips!
Enlightenment 是窗口管理器，Enlightenment 是桌面外壳，Enlightenment是创建漂亮应用程序的材料，Enlightenment，或者简单的一个 e，代表着一群尝试创造次世代应用程序的人们。
相比以上两款轻量级桌面环境，Enlightenment 在亚洲地区不是那么出名，可能是由于本地化比较欠缺的缘故。本人了解它还是从 Yellowdog Linux 开始的。Enlightenment 在追求轻量级的同时也十分注重美观，它的控件悬停特效绝对让人过目不忘～
Fedora 10 安装： yum install enlightenment efreet eterm
测试版本： 0.16.999.043
默认文件管理器： 不知道名字……
默认终端模拟器： eterm
好了，参赛选手介绍完毕。为了更好的反应这些轻量级桌面环境的性能，测试中也加入了 GNOME 2.24，方便比较。
测试结果：
LXDE XFCE Enlightenment GNOME
22.88 24.29 24.40 22.84 OOo 1st(ms)
3.87 4.52 4.02 5.13 OOo 2nd(ms)
17.06 18.54 19.63 19.59 GIMP 1st(ms)
5.82 5.54 5.64 5.82 GIMP 2nd(ms)
13.85 14.99 14.03 12.64 FF3 1st(ms)
3.49 3.38 3.03 3.38 FF3 2nd(ms)
237 250 195* 288 UsedMem (MB)
*eterm 启动失败，以 Xterm 代替。
结果分析
从上表的结果看来，在应用程序启动时间上，各个桌面环境的差异并没有预想中的那么大，最快的与最慢的差别都在2s内（全距），对于用户来讲差别并不是十分明显。另外，非轻量级 GNOME 的性能也算对得起观众。在内存使用方面，各个桌面环境还是有不小差别的，最低的 195M 与最高的 288M 相差 93M（全距）。造成这种结果的原因是什么呢？
本次测试所用平台性能比 Netbook 要高很多，尤其在内存方面；同时除了桌面环境以外的其他所有软件都是一致的。在这种条件下，可以认为差异只是由于桌面环境本身的性能所致，与硬件和其他软件无关。桌面环境对应用程序的影响体现在与X server 的沟通速度和自身占用内存上。而结果中相近应用程序启动速度，反映了在同一个 X server 下，窗口管理器的性能优化空间实际上相当的小。于是轻量级桌面环境的优势更多的体现在自身占用内存较小，可以留给应用程序更多的内存上。
早期的 Netbook (比如一代 eeePC )或者老的本本都只 256M 内存，还要分给显示8M左右。在这种总内存不够用的条件下， LXDE 和 Enlightenment 由于无需访问交换分区，就会比 XFCE 和 GNOME 体现出更快的应用程序启动速度。但是一旦拥有较充足的内存（新一代的 Netbook 都拥有 512M 内存），同样都无需访问交换分区，这种差异就变得不是那么明显了。
结论：
由于各个轻量级桌面环境本身性能上差异不大，所以你决定根据自己的喜好去选择。如果注重功能，推荐具有标签式 Launcher 的 LXDE；如果注重外观，推荐华丽的 Enlightenment；如果希望与传统的桌面环境在使用习惯上保持一致，推荐 Xfce。
PS:关于使用测试平台的对结果的影响的补充说明
很感谢诸位朋友的下面的评论，看到很多朋友说到测试平台对结果的影响问题，觉得有必要补充说明下。
很显然，最理想的情况应该是找一台 Netbook 来测试，现实是我没有……（下面会有此句话的修订版～）
测试的目的是考察桌面环境这个软件本身的性能，采用这个硬件性能充足的平台可以最大限度降低硬件条件对它影响。固然这些桌面环境是为低内存配置的机子设计的，但是没有任何证据表明轻量级桌面环境在大内存条件下的表现下与在低内存下的表现会有显著差异。再说用来参考的GNOME，根据GNOME项目的推荐512M内存来看，256M内存显然会对 GNOME 这个软件的表现有影响。于是：
低内存配置下LXDE的表现=高内存配置下LXDE的表现（以LXDE为例，其他类似）；
低内存配置下GNOME的表现<高内存配置下GNOME的表现；
本着公平竞争的原则，结合考虑测试目的是考察软件本身，只能选择高内存配置的平台以照顾 GNOME，也只有这样最终结果才具有比较性。
于是上面的话应该修订为：
很显然，最理想的情况应该是找一台 Netbook 来测试(当不考虑和 GNOME 比较的情况下)，现实是我没有……
Ubuntu 和 Xubuntu 毕竟是两个发行版，系统启动时默认载入的服务都不一样(印象中前者默认启用蓝牙而后者不)，如果要比较的话，可以在 Ubuntu 下安装 XFCE，或者在 Xubuntu 下安装 GNOME，这样比较较好些。
个人观点，仅供参考！
欢迎使用其他发行版的朋友提供更多比较数据！！！
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Server Monitoring With munin And monit On CentOS 5.2
In this article I will describe how you can monitor your CentOS 5.2 server with munin and monit. munin produces nifty little graphics about nearly every aspect of your server (load average, memory usage, CPU usage, MySQL throughput, eth0 traffic, etc.) without much configuration, whereas monit checks the availability of services like Apache, MySQL, Postfix and takes the appropriate action such as a restart if it finds a service is not behaving as expected. The combination of the two gives you full monitoring: graphics that lets you recognize current or upcoming problems (like "We need a bigger server soon, our load average is increasing rapidly."), and a watchdog that ensures the availability of the monitored services.
One important goal of flex components, is to help the community see how you can merge the best of what flex gives you (productivity, development process, consistent component model) with the best of what people have been doing in flash for years (rich, highly interactive, fluid, etc).
Adobe Flex is the tool of choice for many web developers when it comes to building Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). Developers are picking up Flex with great speed. One of the reasons for this is that Flex programming is relatively easy to learn if you’re already familiar with XHTML.
Flex applications can be developed to run on user’s desktop. Now you can develop and launch an application that runs in a web browser and as a desktop application. Deploying an application to a user’s desktop with Adobe AIR is easy, users just need to install the AIR runtime and your RIA on their machine.
In today’s post we provide you with some essential Flex resources - Flex components, Flex Skins & Themes, Online Flex Apps, Flex Frameworks and Flex Tutorials.
What is FLEX? 1. Tour de Flex
Tour de Flex is a desktop application for exploring Flex capabilities and resources, including the core Flex components, Adobe AIR and data integration, as well as a variety of third-party components, effects, skins, and more.
Tour de Flex has three primary purposes:
Flex is a highly productive, free open source framework for building and maintaining expressive web applications that deploy consistently on all major browsers, desktops, and operating systems.
AlivePDF is an open-source ActionScript 3 (Flash, Flex, AIR) PDF generation library. It allows you to generate PDF’s on the client-side. You can use AlivePDF with Flash, Flex and Adobe AIR applications. Some sample codes can be found here.
4. Deft-fully using Dojo and Flex
Deft “focuses on ActionScript components created in support of the various projects within the Dojo Toolkit (mostly for DojoX). Deft source files are well organized based in part on the organization of other Dojo Toolkit projects, as well as the package structure required by the Flex compiler. Most Flex applications are based on the Flex AS3 Application class, which forces you to write at least one “controlling” MXML file in order compile your code. Instead of this, Deft components inherit primarily from the Sprite class — which allows you to write pure ActionScript code.”
5. Fisheye Component
“The Fisheye component is based around the concept of itemRenderer factories, just like the flex list and charting components. The goal is to use composition to separate behavior from content, so you can reuse the basic fisheye effect across many different applications and uses.”
6. FlexBook
FlexBook can act as a container, allowing the developer to flip through its children components, FlexBook can be driven by a list of data and an itemRenderer, like a List control or DataGrid, FlexBook Supports a wide variety of configuration options. Play with some of them here, FlexBook supports full transparency on its pages.
“The DisplayShelf component demonstrates using a number of flex and flash concepts to provide a rich, templatable control to display a faux-3d view of a list of items. Its behavior is similar to the CoverFlow visualization added to iTunes in version 7.”
Allows you to scroll two thumbs together on a Slidebar using a scrollbar between both thumbs.
“3D Charts allow display of multiple attributes of a given data in the same graph. 2D charts are already available in Flex. With same data, a 3D graph can be displayed. The graph can be rotated around in 360 degrees by dragging mouse on the screen. Its perspective can also be increased/decreased by using Mouse Wheel.”
“The AutoComplete control is an enhanced TextInput control which pops up a list of suggestions to the user based on the characters entered. These suggestions are to be provided by setting the dataProvider property of the control.”
“The docking toolbar component collectively helps managing toolbars in an application. The toolbars can be docked to the top or bottom edges or kept floating within application area. The contents within a toolbar use a flow based layout approach.”
A nice looking Flex application that visualizes the Social Graph API. This is a graph front end to the Google Social Graph API
Yahoo! offers the ASTRA Flex components for use in your Adobe Flex 3 applications. These Flex components are designed to work like any other components for Flex with familiar properties, styles, and events. They’re fully documented, and each component comes with multiple examples that demonstrate its various uses. Components include: AutoCompleteManager, ColorPlaneAndSliderPicker, ColorSliderPicker, DropDownColorPicker, IPv4AddressInput, TimeInput and TimeStepper.
Degrafa is currently developed to work in Flex 2 and 3. Degrafa is being used for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from rich user interfaces to intense graphics editing. Degrafa allows you to use MXML markup to draw shapes, make complex graphics, create skins and also includes advanced CSS support. Use Degrafa for:
Rich User Interfaces, Data Visualization, Mapping and Graphics Editing
“The FlexLib project is a community effort to create open source user interface components for Adobe Flex 2 and 3.”
Current components: AdvancedForm, Base64Image, EnhancedButtonSkin, CanvasButton, ConvertibleTreeList, Draggable Slider, Fire, Highlighter, HorizontalAxisDataSelector IconLoader, ImageMap, PromptingTextArea, PromptingTextInput, Scrollable Menu Controls, SuperTabNavigator, Alternative Scrolling Canvases, Horizontal Accordion, TreeGrid, FlowBox, Docking ToolBar, Flex Scheduling Framework
Adobe released a Web-based version of Photoshop for editing pictures called Photoshop Express. It is in public beta and anyone can sign up.
20. Sprout
Sprout is the quick and easy way for anyone to build, publish, and manage widgets, mini-sites, mashups, banners and more. Any size, any number of pages. Include video, audio, images and newsfeeds and choose from dozens of pre-built components and web services.
21. Acrobat.com
Use Acrobat.com to create and share documents. “So people can now create documents with embedded Flash movies from YouTube, or developers can design entire new skins for electronic documents using Adobe’s Flex framework the same programming tool they use to create Web applications.”
Flex TutorialsLike Flash, Flex creates SWF files that are rendered by Flash Player. However, Flex is primarily a developer’s tool and the way you develop Flex applications is entirely different than the way you develop Flash RIAs. All Flex development is based upon a framework that provides you with reusable and extendable UI components, data retrieval services, event handling functionality and much more.
22. An Absolute Beginner’s Tutorial On Flex 3
“This article barely skimmed the surface of the Flex framework, although we did cover the basics of what the framework provides, and how MXML and ActionScript 3.0 work together. While this was a very gentle introduction to the concepts behind Flex, it should give you enough grounding in the concepts to go forth and experiment on your own.”
23. Getting Started
A great resource of tutorials on how to get started with Flex.
24. Simple Flex Tutorial
A simple blog reader in 23 lines of MXML code to use as a tutorial.
25. Customizing Flex Builder for FlashA nice tutorial on how to make some modifications to Flex Builder to make it into a lean, mean, ActionScript machine. How to add a great snippets panel to Flex Builder and make it optimized for Flash.
Flex Resources - Adobe Flex Developer Center - Doug McCune - Flex.org - Alex Harui - Flex Livedocs - FlexCoders
PackageKit是一个面向所有Linux发行版的软件包管理程序。
PackageKit被设计为一个通用的软件包管理程序，因为它可以工作在各种后端下，如Yum、Apt。流行的Fedora系统即使用了PackageKit。
最近，开发者宣布了PackageKit安装字体的新特性。
—–
用户应该已经了解到，当在Fedora下用播放器（Totem）打开一个多媒体文件，而恰好这个多媒体文件所需要的解码器在电脑上没有安装时，PackageKit即会提示用户安装所需要的解码器。
同理，在未来，当用户打开一个文档，恰好这个文档需要一个字体才能完美显示正文时，那么PackageKit即会跳出，提示用户需要安装的字体。
请看目前开发中的样子：
这是一个相当有用的特性，即解码器之后，用户在字体方面也不必废力了。PackageKit来搞定这一切！
感谢这些开发者的努力！
Cherokee 号称是目前最快的 Web 服务器软件，在性能上，甚至比 Nginx 还略胜一筹。与 Apache、Lighttpd、Nginx 等其他同类软件的对比，大家不妨看看这个测试页面。我在本机安装了 Cherokee，一番使用下来，Cherokee 给我的感觉是，其易用性做得也很不错。
Cherokee 的功能包括支持 FastCGI、SCGI、PHP、CGI、TLS 及 SSL 加密连接，虚拟主机，授权认证，实时编码，载入均衡，与 Apache 兼容的 log 文件等等。
Cherokee 内含一个名为 cherokee-admin 的工具，执行后，允许管理员直接通过浏览器进入 [localhost:9090] 对其进行管理和配置。比如，开启或关闭服务器，进行一般选项的设定，配置虚拟服务器、信息源、图标、Mime 类型等项目。
感兴趣的同学可进入 Cherokee 的官方主页作进一步的了解，或者下载其最新版本的源代码。
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All about Linux
基于 GTK+ 界面的图形化 FTP 客户端 gFTP 于近日获得了更新。新版本对网络方面的代码进行了清理，支持通用 SSL 证书，添加了 Tango 风格的图标主题，以及修正了段错误、国际化等方面的缺陷。
以下是 gFTP 的更改记录，供参考：
* Cleanups to the networking code
* Fixed several segfaults.
* Several i18n fixes
* Added support for wildcard SSL certificates
* Fixes for downloading files using SFTP where the user doesn’t have write access to the file.
* Disable some features of the remote FTP server is a VMS server or OS/400
* Fixed Solaris compile problem and pty issue under HPUX
* Updated to use FSPLIB 0.9
* Added Tango styled icon theme
* The menus are now a little closer to other GNOME applications
* New/updated language translations: ar bg ca cs da de dz el en_CA en_GB el es fi fr gl gu he hu it ja ko lt lv mk nb ne nl no oc pt_BR pt_po ro ru rw sv uk zh_HK zh_TW
你可从 gFTP 官方网站下载该更新版 2.0.19，包括源码包和 deb 二进制包。
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Ubuntu 粉丝的社区电子杂志 Full Circle 已经发布了第 19 期。本期杂志的亮点内容包括如何使用 C 语言编程（之三）、制作 WiFi 访问点、使用 GIMP（之八）、Beginning Ubuntu Linux（第三版）书评、motu 访问、五大虚拟化工具、Open Arena 游戏评测等。
你可以从这里下载 Full Circle #19（英文版）。
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The Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue #119 for the week of November 23rd- November 29th, 2008 is now available.
In This Issue:
* Ubuntu Free Culture Showcase II
* Archive of Interviews
* New MOTU: Onkar Shinde
* Ubuntu Stats
* Ubuntu Tamil Team
* Ubuntu Tunisia Team
* Ubuntu-NL release party
* Launchpad 2.1.11 and Open ID support
* RSS feeds for Ubuntu forums
* In the Press & Blogosphere
* Ubuntu Podcast #13
* Full Circle Magazine #19
* Community Interview of Nicolas Valcárcel
* Hardening the Linux Desktop
* Coming Soon: Ubuntu Pocket Guide & Reference
* 50 amazing Ubuntu time-saving tips
* 50 of the best looking Gnome/Ubuntu desktop themes
* Team Meeting summaries
* Upcoming Meetings & Events
* Updates & Security
The Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter is brought to you by:
* Nick Ali
* John Crawford
* Craig A. Eddy
* Arlan Vennefron
* Kenny McHenry
* Dave Bush
* Liraz Siri
* And many others
If you have a story idea for the Weekly News, join the Ubuntu News Team mailing list and submit it. Ideas can also be added to the wiki!
Except where otherwise noted, content in this issue is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License BY SA Creative Commons License 3.0 BY SA
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Managing OpenVZ With The Vtonf Control Panel On CentOS 5.2
Vtonf is a free web-based control panel (released under the GPL license) for managing virtual private servers (VPS) based on OpenVZ. It makes it very easy to create and manage OpenVZ VMs even for people with little technical knowledge. Right now, Vtonf is available only for RedHat, Fedora, and CentOS (support for Debian is planned), therefore I describe its installation and usage on a CentOS 5.2 server.
We have already discussed how to install virtualbox and create virtual machines in ubuntu.This tutorial will explain How to set up host interface networking for VirtualBox on Ubuntu.
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Read the rest of How to set up host interface networking for VirtualBox on Ubuntu (667 words)
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[撰文/ShelleX]
TualatriX 同学觉得我的Logo很赞，所以想知道怎么做的。我一听就高兴了，一高兴就做了一个视频：用InkScape打造玻璃风格Logo。
看看下面是最后成品，一个透明一个不透明，不过使用IE 的同学可能看不到：
a logo demo for linuxdesktop.cn
由于不知道TX同学喜欢哪种风格，所以选了个手法比较普遍的玻璃风格，哈哈哈，下面是视频：
Shellex从来没看过InkScape的教程和文档，有的操作可能不规范。不过只要效果在就可以咯…对吧。 
同时奉上svg源文件和png文件：
Article submitted by Justin Hamade. Guess what? We still need you to submit good articles about software you like!
Always wondering if your debian server needs an update? Apticron is a simple script that will email you when new versions of any package installed are available. This is very helpful for security related issues. The e-mail shows what has changed in the new version, obtained using apt-listchanges. It also tells you the repository where it comes from (ie. etch-security) and the urgency of the release (ie. high).
The configuration files are located in
By default emails are sent to root. If you want root emails sent to yourself you can add your email to root in /etc/aliases and run newaliases.
apticron will run daily and let you know each day if there is any packages that require updating. Here is an example of one of its e-mails:
apticron report [Sun, 08 Jun 2008 06:48:58 -0700]
========================================================================
apticron has detected that some packages need upgrading on:
myserver.mydomain.com
[ 192.168.1.1 ]
The following packages are currently pending an upgrade:
linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 2.6.18.dfsg.1-18etch5
linux-image-2.6-686 2.6.18+6etch3
========================================================================
Package Details:
Reading changelogs...
--- Changes for linux-latest-2.6 (linux-image-2.6-686) ---
linux-latest-2.6 (6etch3) stable-security; urgency=high
* Update to 2.6.18-6.
-- dann frazier Tue, 22 Jan 2008 22:47:16 -0700
linux-latest-2.6 (6etch2) stable-security; urgency=high
* The arm build of 6etch1 is missing from 4.0r1.
Since the latest security update of linux-2.6
(2.6.18.dfsg.1-13etch1)
requires this new ABI, and an updated linux-latest-2.6 facilitates
the
migration to the new ABI. Closes: #438617
— dann frazier Mon, 20 Aug 2007 17:01:18 -0600
linux-latest-2.6 (6etch1) stable; urgency=high
* Update to 2.6.18-5.
— dann frazier Thu, 24 May 2007 17:05:09 -0600
========================================================================
You can perform the upgrade by issuing the command:
aptitude dist-upgrade
as root on luxor.mcrt.ca
It is recommended that you simulate the upgrade first to confirm that the
actions that would be taken are reasonable. The upgrade may be simulated by
issuing the command:
aptitude -s -y dist-upgrade
–
apticron
cron-apt is a similar tool that can perform any action apt-get and aptitude can do. For example, it can automatically perform an upgrade when new packages available. However this is not recommend and can be a security risk.
apticron has been available in Debian since (at least) Etch and in Ubuntu since Dapper.
[作者/yjwork]
传说 GRUB 2 支持很多格式的背景，比如 JPEG、PND、TGA 等格式，支持 24 色，支持 800×600、1024×768，支持中文菜单显示。于是，受诱惑，安装了一下，但由于网上资料少，自己配置找的比较辛苦。不过还好，基本搞定了。写下来，做个笔记。
apt-get install grub2
系统依赖装上 grub-pc 和 grub-common，安装过程中提示：
GRUB upgrade scripts have detected a GRUB Legacy setup in /boot/grub.
In order to replace the Legacy version of GRUB in your system, it is
recommended that /boot/grub/menu.lst is adjusted to chainload GRUB 2
from your existing GRUB Legacy setup. This step may be automaticaly
performed now.
It’s recommended that you accept chainloading GRUB 2 from menu.lst, and
verify that your new GRUB 2 setup is functional for you, before you
install it directly to your MBR (Master Boot Record).
In either case, whenever you want GRUB 2 to be loaded directly from MBR,
you can do so by issuing (as root) the following command:
upgrade-from-grub-legacy
小解释：这个提示是说装 GRUB 2 时侦测到你有旧的 GRUB 设置，系统将采用旧的设置来引导，新的 GRUB 2 暂时会成为旧 GRUB 的一个项目引导，当你确定 GRUB 2 可以正常使用后，运行 upgrade-from-grub-legacy，旧的 GRUB 会消失，只留 GRUB 2 的菜单。
Chainload from menu.lst?
将 GRUB 2 用旧的配置 menu.lst 引导？这里建议使用。
The following Linux command line was extracted from the `kopt’ parameter │
│ in GRUB Legacy’s menu.lst. Please verify that it is correct, and modify
│ it if necessary.
│ Linux command line:
│ │
这里不大了解，不过我是没输入任何东西自己确定的。
使用 upgrade-from-grub-legacy 命令后，将删除原来的 menu.lst 项目。
chmod +w /boot/grub/grub.cfg）
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/update-grub using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set default=0
#默认为 0，就是排第一个的项目。
set timeout=5
#等待时间
set root=(hd0,7)
#设置 root 分区
search –fs-uuid –set 15d9bbc2-a1be-400c-883b-0b038a8174e0
if font /usr/share/grub/ascii.pff ; then
#这里的 ascii.pff 为默认的字体，不支持中文，如果
#要中文支持，请改为 unicode.pff
set gfxmode=1024×768 #默认为 640×480
#设置分辨率，这个建议跟你想设定的图片大小一致
insmod gfxterm
#插入模块 gfxterm，当你前面设置为 unicode.pff 后，这个终端支持中文显
#示，它还支持 24 位图像
insmod vbe
#插入 vbe 模块，GRUB 2 引入很多模块的东西，要使用它，需要在这里加入
insmod png
#比如我们要想他显示 png 的图像做 GRUB 2 的背景，需要添加前面这行
insmod jpeg
#添加 jpg 支持。在 /boot/grub 下可查看模块，带 .mod 的文件
insmod tga
#如果要使用 tga 的图片做背景的话，gurb2-themes 里就是这种文件
terminal gfxterm
#设置 GRUB 2 终端为 gfxterm
background_image /boot/grub/111.png
#设置背景图片
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
#这两行为 Debian 下的菜单颜色设置，如果默认的话
#你会发现背景完全被蓝色挡住了，你需要修改 blue
#你可以改为 black，这样背景就会出现
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_hurd ###
### END /etc/grub.d/10_hurd ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
set root=(hd0,7)
search –fs-uuid –set 15d9bbc2-a1be-400c-883b-0b038a8174e0
menuentry “Debian GNU/Linux, linux 2.6.26-1-amd64″ {
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.26-1-amd64 root=UUID=15d9bbc2-a1be-400c-883b-0b038a8174e0 ro
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.26-1-amd64
}
#这里的 root=xxxx 也可以使用 /dev/hdax 来代替。
#当你的系统无法启动，而又不想打那么长的话。
#在 GRUB 2 启动时的命令行里，使用 (hd 加 tab 键可以看到分区和 uuid 号
menuentry “Debian GNU/Linux, linux 2.6.26-1-amd64 (single-user mode)” {
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.26-1-amd64 root=UUID=15d9bbc2-a1be-400c-883b-0b038a8174e0 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.26-1-amd64
}
#默认的 GRUB 2 好像没添加 Windows 的项目，这样添加
menuentry “启动 Windows”
#菜单名字
{
set root=(hd0,1)
#设置 Windows 分区，这里要注意 GRUB 2 是硬盘从 0，分区从 1 开始
chainloader +1
#原来的 GRUB 是 hd0,0 开始
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file is an example on how to add custom entries
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
更新
增加截图如下：
（点击可放大）
使用手机拍摄，效果不好，只好拍个局部，请见谅。
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Only Ubuntu Linux
iPhone dev team 今天宣布，Linux 2.6 kernel 已成功移植到 Apple 的 iPhone 上。该移植目前仍然处于早期的开发状态，缺少许多驱动，不过已经支持第一代和第二代 iPhone，以及第一代 iPod touch。以下为 iPhone Linux 的演示视频。
iPhone Linux Demonstration Video from planetbeing on Vimeo
更多信息，详见 Linux on the iPhone。
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